Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)

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Reports

PRAMS Demographic Reports
These demographic reports present the weighted percentage of respondents in New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2021, by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.

PRAMS Annual Reports
These annual reports present the weighted percentage of respondents who report experiencing a particular outcome of interest in New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2021, by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.

PRAMS Trend Reports
These reports present trend data for New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2021 by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.

*Medicaid refers to Medicaid or other forms of public insurance the respondent had at any point in the perinatal period (before, during, or after pregnancy when the survey was administered).

Technical Notes

Background

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is an ongoing mail/telephone survey of residents who have recently given birth to a live-born infant. The PRAMS project was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1987 to collect information from residents about behaviors and experiences before, during, and after pregnancy. The goal of the PRAMS project is to provide information to support research and guide policy changes and interventions that improve maternal and infant health and reduce adverse outcomes such as infant low birth weight and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. PRAMS provides data for major performance measures at the national and state levels for health needs assessment and tracking progress.

Importantly, information around the time of pregnancy, such as breastfeeding initiation and duration, infant safe sleep practices, hospital experiences around breastfeeding, maternal oral health, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, family planning including unintended pregnancy, preconception health, prenatal care education, prenatal care, postpartum care, postpartum depression, stressors, physical abuse, and vaccinations collected by the PRAMS is not available from other sources. In recent years, PRAMS has been used to quickly collect information on emerging health topics such as COVID-19, paid family leave, drug and cannabis use, and disability status. This creates the flexibility for collecting state-specific data for rapid assessment, planning, and response to rising health threats and population needs.

PRAMS data in New York State

In New York State (NYS), PRAMS data are independently collected by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH) for residents in New York City (NYC) and by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) for residents outside of NYC.

New York City

Each month in NYC, approximately 180 residents with a recent live birth are randomly sampled from NYC's birth certificate records to participate in NYC PRAMS. This results in an annual sample of approximately 2,200 birth parents. NYC residents who give birth to low-birth-weight infants (<2,500 grams) are oversampled to ensure that sufficient data are collected. NYC PRAMS utilizes a mixed mode of data collection (mail and phone) and administers surveys in English, Spanish, and Chinese. Since 2014, NYC PRAMS has partnered with the Bloustein Center for Survey Research at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, who conducts data collection and management for 11 PRAMS jurisdictions across the United States.

New York State outside of New York City

Using a similar sampling approach as NYC, with oversampling of low-birth-weight births, approximately 135 residents are randomly selected each month from the birth records of residents living in NYS outside of NYC. Each sample consists of 1) a stratum of births of low-birth-weight (<2,500 grams) infants with a sampling ratio of 3/22 and 2) a stratum of normal-birth-weight (>=2,500 grams) infants with a sampling ratio of 1/121. The monthly samples are selected for residents between two and four months after giving birth.

Survey packets, including a cover letter, a consent document, a question and answer sheet (in English and Spanish), and a small gift as an incentive, are mailed to selected residents. For selected residents, who do not respond after three questionnaires are sent, attempts to reach them by phone are made. Respondents are offered a $50 Target gift card as a thank you if they mail back the completed questionnaire or complete the questionnaire over the phone. Data collection procedures and instruments are standardized to allow comparisons between states. Resident's responses to the questionnaire are linked to extracted birth certificate data for analysis. Thus, the PRAMS dataset also contains a wealth of demographic and medical information collected through the state's vital records system. The availability of this information for all births is the basis for drawing stratified samples and, ultimately, for generalizing results to the state's entire population of births.

Sampling weight

To produce population-based estimates, each respondent was assigned a sampling weight. These sampling weights account for varying probabilities of selection of residents because of stratification by birthweight. Other components of these sampling weights account for non-response and non-coverage. The weight can be interpreted as the number of individuals in the population that each respondent represents.¹

The "Estimated number of people affected" on the dashboard refers to these population-based estimates.

¹ PRAMS Methodology. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated May 4, 2021. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/prams/methodology.htm

Analysis

Since PRAMS utilizes a random sampling method, estimates generated from PRAMS data are subject to sampling error. The standard error of an estimate measures the sampling variability among all possible samples that could have been drawn from the sampling frame. The variation for each estimate in the population is expressed via confidence interval (CI).

Furthermore, the sampling weights are incorporated in the analyses to produce the weighted percent and 95% CI of the response for selected questions. The weighted estimates and CIs are produced using "surveyfreq" procedure in the SAS software. Unknown or missing values are not included in the analysis.

Definition of Indicators

Select indicator topic

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Years	Definition
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding initiation	Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your baby, even for a short period of time?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Breastfeeding four weeks or more	How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your baby?	____weeks ____months Less than one week	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for four weeks or more. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Breastfeeding eight weeks or more	How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your baby?	____weeks ____months Less than one week	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for eight weeks or more. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Safe Sleep
Infants placed on back to sleep	In which one position do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now?	On his or her side On his or her back On his or her stomach	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "On his or her back". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Co-sleeping with infant	In the past 2 weeks, how often has your new baby slept alone in his or her own crib or bed? Sometimes Rarely Never	Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Sometimes", "Rarely" or "Never". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Hospital Practices Related to Breastfeeding
Hospital gave breastfeeding info	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: a. Hospital staff gave me information about breastfeeding	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Baby stayed in same room in hospital	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: b. My baby stayed in the same room with me at the hospital	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Baby was breastfed in the hospital	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: c. I breastfed my baby in the hospital	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Hospital staff helped me learn how to breastfeed	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: d. Hospital staff helped me learn how to breastfeed	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Mother breastfed baby in the first hour after birth	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: e. I breastfed in the first hour after my baby was born	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Baby fed only breastmilk in the hospital	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: g. My baby was fed only breast milk at the hospital	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Hospital told mother to breastfeed on demand	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: h. Hospital staff told me to breastfeed whenever my baby wanted	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Hospital gave mother breastpump	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: i. The hospital staff gave me a breastpump to use	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Mother given gift pack with formula	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: j. The hospital gave me a gift pack with formula	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Hospital gave mother telephone number for help with breastfeeding	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: k. The hospital gave me a telephone number to call for help with breastfeeding	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Baby used pacifier in hospital	This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born: l. Hospital staff gave my baby a pacifier	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2009-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Maternal Oral Health
Visit to have teeth cleaned before pregnancy	What type of health care visit did you have in the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby?	Regular checkup at my family doctor's office Regular checkup at the OB/GYN's office Visit for an illness or chronic condition Visit for an injury Visit for family planning or birth control Visit for depression or anxiety Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist Other	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist". Denominator: All respondents.
Teeth cleaned during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did you have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist?	No Yes	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Needed to see a dentist for a problem during pregnancy	This question is about other care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy	I knew it was important to care for my teeth and gums during my pregnancy A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums I had insurance to cover dental care during my pregnancy I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I needed to see a dentist for a problem". Denominator: All respondents.
Went to a dentist or dental clinic for a problem during pregnancy	This question is about other care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy	I knew it was important to care for my teeth and gums during my pregnancy A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums I had insurance to cover dental care during my pregnancy I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem". Denominator: All respondents.
Talked with a dentist or health care worker about care of teeth and gums during pregnancy	This question is about other care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy	I knew it was important to care for my teeth and gums during my pregnancy A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums I had insurance to cover dental care during my pregnancy I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums". Denominator: All respondents.
Nutrition
Multivitamin use before pregnancy	During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, how many times a week did you take a multivitamin,a prenatal vitamin or a folic acid vitamin?	I didn't take a multivitamin or prenatal vitamin at all 1 to 3 days a week 4 to 6 days a week Every day of the week	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "1 to 3 days a week" or "4 to 6 days a week" or "Every day of the week". Denominator: All respondents.
Folic acid knowledge	Some health experts recommend taking folic acid for which one of the following reasons?	To make strong bones To prevent birth defects To prevent high blood pressure I don't know	NYS: not available NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: not available	Numerator: Respondents who checked "To prevent birth defects". Denominator: All respondents.
WIC services during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy were you on WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Tobacco Use
Smoking before pregnancy	In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette I didn't smoke then	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years.
Smoking during pregnancy	In the last 3 months of pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette I didn't smoke then	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years.
Smoking after delivery	How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day now?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette I don't smoke now	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years.
Alcohol Use
Drinking before pregnancy	During the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?	14 drinks or more a week 8 to 13 drinks a week 4 to 7 drinks a week 1 to 3 drinks a week Less than 1 drink a week I didn't drink then	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who reported having any alcoholic drinks. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not had any alcohol in the last 2 years.
Drinking during pregnancy	During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?	14 drinks or more a week 8 to 13 drinks a week 4 to 7 drinks a week 1 to 3 drinks a week Less than 1 drink a week I didn't drink then	NYS: 2004-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2015	Numerator: Respondents who reported having any alcoholic drinks. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not had any alcohol in the last 2 years.
Family Planning
Women who were trying to become pregnant	When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you trying to get pregnant?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Fertility treatments received for most recent pregnancy	Did you receive treatment from a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker to help you get pregnant with your new baby?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2008 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015 NYC: 2004-2008	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were not trying to get pregnant, and those using birth control to prevent pregnancy.
Women who were using birth control when they became pregnant	When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were trying to get pregnant.
Live births resulting from an unintended pregnancy	Thinking back to just before you became pregnant with your new baby, how did you feel about becoming pregnant?	I wanted to be pregnant later I wanted to be pregnant sooner I wanted to be pregnant then I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future I wasn't sure what I wanted	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I wanted to be pregnant later" or "I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who checked "I wasn't sure what I wanted".
Women using birth control after delivery	Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents
Preconception Health
Checked for diabetes before pregnancy	At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you do any of the following things? d. I visited a health care worker and was checked for diabetes	No Yes	NYS: 2012-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2015 NYC: 2012-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I visited a health care worker and was checked for diabetes". Denominator: All respondents.
Checked for high blood pressure before pregnancy	At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you do any of the following things? e. I visited a health care worker and was checked for high blood pressure	No Yes	NYS: 2012-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2015 NYC: 2012-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I visited a health care worker and was checked for high blood pressure". Denominator: All respondents.
Discussed family medical history with health care worker before pregnancy	At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you do any of the following things? g. I talked to a health care worker about my family medical history	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015 NYC: 2009-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I talked to a health care worker about my family medical history". Denominator: All respondents.
Diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy	During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following health conditions? a. Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes (not gestational diabetes or diabetes that starts during pregnancy)	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents
Prenatal Care Education
Prenatal care counseling on smoking during pregnancy	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? b. How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015 NYC: 2004-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes ". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling on alcohol use during pregnancy	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? d. How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015 NYC: 2004-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling on preterm labor	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? i. The signs and symptoms of preterm labor (labor more than 3 weeks before the baby is due)	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015 NYC: 2009-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling about breastfeeding	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? c. Breastfeeding my baby	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015 NYC: 2004-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling about depression	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? k. What to do if I feel depressed during my pregnancy or after my baby is born	No Yes	NYS: 2009-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015 NYC: 2009-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling about abuse	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below? l. Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2015 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015 NYC: 2004-2015	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal Care
Prenatal care provider asked about smoking	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below? c. If I was smoking cigarettes	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care provider asked about drinking	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below? d. If I was drinking alcohol	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care provider asked about breastfeeding new baby	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below? i. If I planned to breastfeed my new baby	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care provider asked about depressive symptoms	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below? f. If I was feeling down or depressed	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care provider asked about abuse	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below? e. If someone was hurting me emotionally or physically	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal Health Conditions
Gestational diabetes during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions? a. Gestational diabetes (diabetes that started during this pregnancy)	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
High blood pressure during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions? b. High blood pressure (that started during this pregnancy), pre-eclampsia or eclampsia	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Depression during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions? c. Depression	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Postpartum Care
Women received postpartum checkup	Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Women received postpartum counseling on birth control use	During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? d. Talk to me about birth control methods I can use after giving birth	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care.
Postpartum Depression
Women asked for help for depression after giving birth	Since your new baby was born, have you asked for help for depression from a doctor, nurse or other health care worker?	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Women were told that they have depression after giving birth	Since your new baby was born, has a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker told you that you had depression?	No Yes	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Women took prescription medicine for depression after giving birth	Since your new baby was born, have you taken prescription medicine for your depression?	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were NOT told by a doctor, nurse or other health care worker that they had depression.
Women received counseling for depression after giving birth	Since your new baby was born, have you gotten counseling for your depression?	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were NOT told by a doctor, nurse or other health care worker that they had depression.
Women experienced depressive symptoms after giving birth	Since your new baby was born, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless; or had little interest or little pleasure in doing things you usually enjoyed?	Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Always" or "Often". Denominator: All respondents.
Women who report that a health care provider asked them about depression symptoms at a postpartum visit	During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? i. Ask me if I was feeling down or depressed	No Yes	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care.
Stressors
Experienced emotional stress in 12 months before delivery	This question asks about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your baby was born. a. A close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital h. I was apart from my husband or partner due to military deployment or extended work-related travel n. Someone very close to me died	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Experienced partner-related stress in 12 months before delivery	This question asks about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your baby was born. b. I got separated or divorced from my husband or partner i. I argued with my husband or partner more than usual j. My husband or partner said he didn't want me to be pregnant	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Experienced financial stress in 12 months before delivery	This question asks about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your baby was born. c. I moved to a new address e. My husband or partner lost his job f. I lost my job even though I wanted to go on working g. My husband, partner, or I had a cut in work hours or pay k. I had problems paying the rent, mortgage, or other bills	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Experienced traumatic stress in 12 months before delivery	This question asks about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your baby was born. d. I was homeless or had to sleep outside, in a car, or in a shelter l. My husband, partner or I went to jail m. Someone very close to me had a problem with drinking or drugs	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Physical Abuse
Physical abuse before pregnancy	During the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did your husband or partner; ex-husband or ex-partner; another family member; someone else push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Physical abuse during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did your husband or partner; ex-husband or ex-partner; another family member; someone else push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?	No Yes	NYS: 2004-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2021 NYC: 2004-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Vaccination
Offered a flu shot in the 12 months before delivery	During the 12 months before the delivery of your new baby, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker offer you a flu shot or tell you to get one.	No Yes	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Received a flu shot before or during pregnancy	During the 12 months before the delivery of your new baby, did you get a flu shot?	No Yes, before my pregnancy Yes, during my pregnancy	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, before my pregnancy" or "Yes, during my pregnancy". Denominator: All respondents.
Received a Tdap vaccine during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy, did you receive a Tdap shot or vaccination?	No Yes I don't know	NYS: 2016-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2016-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes". Denominator: All respondents.
Received a Tdap vaccine before pregnancy	Did you receive a Tdap vaccination before, during or after your most recent pregnancy?	No Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy I don't know	NYS: 2011 NYS excl. NYC: 2011-2015 NYC: 2011	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy". Denominator: All respondents.
Received a Tdap vaccine after pregnancy	Did you receive a Tdap vaccination before, during or after your most recent pregnancy?	No Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy I don't know	NYS: 2011 NYS excl. NYC: 2011-2015 NYC: 2011	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy". Denominator: All respondents.
Health Insurance
Lack of insurance before pregnancy	During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, what kind of health insurance did you have?	Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner Private health insurance from my parents Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov Medicaid Family Health Plus Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP) Child Health Plus TRICARE or other military health care Other health insurance I did not have health insurance during the month before I got pregnant	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have health insurance during the month before I got pregnant". Denominator: All respondents.
Lack of insurance during pregnancy for prenatal care	During your most recent pregnancy, what kind of health insurance did you have for your prenatal care?	Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner Private health insurance from my parents Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov Medicaid Family Health Plus Child Health Plus TRICARE or other military health care Other health insurance I did not have any health insurance for my prenatal care	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have any health insurance for my prenatal care". Denominator: All respondents except those who did not go for prenatal care.
Lack of insurance after delivery	What kind of health insurance do you have now?	Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner Private health insurance from my parents Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov Medicaid Family Health Plus Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP) Child Health Plus TRICARE or other military health care Other health insurance I do not have health insurance now	NYS: 2012-2021 NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2021 NYC: 2012-2021	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I do not have health insurance now". Denominator: All respondents.

FAQ

How to use the interactive report?
Why is PRAMS important?: Research has shown that behavior and experiences during pregnancy may influence infant birth weight and adverse health outcomes such as infant development, illnesses, and mortality. The PRAMS survey provides information about pregnancy and the first few months after birth that are not available from other data sources. These data can be used to identify groups of parents and infants at a high risk for health problems, to monitor changes in health status, and to measure progress towards goals for improving the health of parents and infants. When combined with data from birth certificates, these data can be used for planning and assessing perinatal health programs. In addition, because PRAMS uses standardized data collection methods, it allows data to be compared among states.
Are PRAMS data available at the county level?: No, PRAMS data are not available at county level. PRAMS is a nation-wide survey from CDC. Each participating state samples between 1,300 and 3,400 residents per year. Typically, the annual sample is large enough for producing state level estimates with a reasonable confidence interval at 95% confidence. Sample sizes are not typically large enough to estimate county level risk factors.