Reports

  • PRAMS Demographic Reports
  • These demographic reports present the weighted percentage of respondents in New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2023 by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.
  • PRAMS Annual Reports
  • These annual reports present the weighted percentage of respondents who report experiencing a particular outcome of interest in New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2023, by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.
  • PRAMS Trend Reports
  • These reports present trend data for New York State, New York City, and New York State excluding NYC from 2004 to 2023 by selected demographic characteristics: race and ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and Medicaid* status.
  • *Medicaid refers to Medicaid or other forms of public insurance the respondent had at any point in the perinatal period (before, during, or after pregnancy when the survey was administered).

Technical Notes

 Background

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is an ongoing mail/telephone survey of residents who have recently given birth to a live-born infant. The PRAMS project was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1987 to collect information from residents about behaviors and experiences before, during, and after pregnancy. The goal of the PRAMS project is to provide information to support research and guide policy changes and interventions that improve maternal and infant health and reduce adverse outcomes such as infant low birth weight and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. PRAMS provides data for major performance measures at the national and state levels for health needs assessment and tracking progress.

Importantly, information around the time of pregnancy, such as breastfeeding initiation and duration, infant safe sleep practices, hospital experiences around breastfeeding, maternal oral health, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, family planning including unintended pregnancy, preconception health, prenatal care counseling, prenatal care screening, postpartum care, postpartum depression, stressors, physical abuse, and vaccinations collected by the PRAMS is not available from other sources. In recent years, PRAMS has been used to quickly collect information on emerging health topics such as COVID-19, paid family leave, drug and cannabis use, and disability status. This creates the flexibility for collecting state-specific data for rapid assessment, planning, and response to rising health threats and population needs.

 PRAMS data in New York State

In New York State (NYS), PRAMS data are independently collected by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH) for residents in New York City (NYC) and by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) for residents outside of NYC.

New York City

Each month in NYC, approximately 180 residents with a recent live birth are randomly sampled from NYC's birth certificate records to participate in NYC PRAMS. This results in an annual sample of approximately 2,200 birth parents. NYC residents who give birth to low-birth-weight infants (<2,500 grams) are oversampled to ensure that sufficient data are collected. NYC PRAMS utilizes a mixed mode of data collection (mail and phone) and administers surveys in English, Spanish, and Chinese. Since 2014, NYC PRAMS has partnered with the Bloustein Center for Survey Research at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, who conducts data collection and management for 11 PRAMS jurisdictions across the United States.

New York State outside of New York City

Using a similar sampling approach as NYC, with oversampling of low-birth-weight births, approximately 135 residents are randomly selected each month from the birth records of residents living in NYS outside of NYC. Each sample consists of 1) a stratum of births of low-birth-weight (<2,500 grams) infants with a sampling ratio of 3/22 and 2) a stratum of normal-birth-weight (>=2,500 grams) infants with a sampling ratio of 1/121. The monthly samples are selected for residents between two and four months after giving birth.

Survey packets, including a cover letter, a consent document, a question and answer sheet (in English and Spanish), and a small gift as an incentive, are mailed to selected residents. For selected residents, who do not respond after three questionnaires are sent, attempts to reach them by phone are made. Respondents are offered a $50 Target gift card as a thank you if they mail back the completed questionnaire or complete the questionnaire over the phone. Data collection procedures and instruments are standardized to allow comparisons between states. Resident's responses to the questionnaire are linked to extracted birth certificate data for analysis. Thus, the PRAMS dataset also contains a wealth of demographic and medical information collected through the state's vital records system. The availability of this information for all births is the basis for drawing stratified samples and, ultimately, for generalizing results to the state's entire population of births.

 Sampling weight

To produce population-based estimates, each respondent was assigned a sampling weight. These sampling weights account for varying probabilities of selection of residents because of stratification by birthweight. Other components of these sampling weights account for non-response and non-coverage. The weight can be interpreted as the number of individuals in the population that each respondent represents.1

The "Estimated number of people affected" on the dashboard refers to these population-based estimates.

1 PRAMS Methodology. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated May 4, 2021. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/prams/methodology.htm

 Analysis

Since PRAMS utilizes a random sampling method, estimates generated from PRAMS data are subject to sampling error. The standard error of an estimate measures the sampling variability among all possible samples that could have been drawn from the sampling frame. The variation for each estimate in the population is expressed via confidence interval (CI).

Furthermore, the sampling weights are incorporated in the analyses to produce the weighted percent and 95% CI of the response for selected questions. The weighted estimates and CIs are produced using "surveyfreq" procedure in the SAS software. Unknown or missing values are not included in the analysis.

 Definition of Indicators

Select indicator topic



Indicator Question Possible Responses Data Years Definition Additional Information
Alcohol Use
Percentage of women who reported alcohol use in the three months before pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
During the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    14 drinks or more a week
    7 to 13 drinks a week
    4 to 6 drinks a week
    1 to 3 drinks a week
    Less than 1 drink a week
    I didn't drink then

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    14 drinks or more a week
    8 to 13 drinks a week
    4 to 7 drinks a week
    1 to 3 drinks a week
    Less than 1 drink a week
    I didn't drink then
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who reported having any alcoholic drinks.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not had any alcohol in the last 2 years. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported alcohol use in the last three months of pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
A. Have you had any alcoholic drinks in the past 2 years? A drink is 1 glass of wine, wine cooler, can or bottle of beer, shot of liquor, or mixed drink.

B. During the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week?

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any alcoholic drinks during...?

c. The last 3 months of pregnancy (3rd trimester).
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022) - A
    No
    Yes

    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015) - B
    14 drinks or more a week
    7 to 13 drinks a week
    4 to 6 drinks a week
    1 to 3 drinks a week
    Less than 1 drink a week
    I didn't drink then

    Phase 8 (2016-2022) - B
    14 drinks or more a week
    8 to 13 drinks a week
    4 to 7 drinks a week
    1 to 3 drinks a week
    Less than 1 drink a week
    I didn't drink then

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2015,2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2015,2023 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who reported having any alcoholic drinks.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported not having any alcohol in the last 2 years.
Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who reported having any alcoholic drinks.
Denominator: All respondents.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question is reworded and the response option changed from number of drinks per week to yes/no.
Breastfeeding
Percentage of women who initiated breastfeeding Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)

Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery?

Phase 6 (2009-2011)
Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery, even for a short period of time?

Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby, even for a short period of time?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your baby, even for a short period of time?

Phase 9 (2023-)
How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your new baby?
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    I didn’t breastfeed my baby
    I breastfed my baby for less than 1 week
    I breastfed my baby for: ____week(s) OR ____month(s)
    I’m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.

Phase 9 (2023-):
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I breastfed my baby for less than 1 week," entered a nonzero number for "I breastfed my baby for: ____week(s) OR ____month(s)," or checked "I’m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who breastfed for four weeks or more Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or pump milk to feed your baby?

Phase 9 (2023-)
How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your new baby?
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    ____weeks
    OR
    ____months
    Less than 1 week

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Less than 1 week
    ____weeks
    OR
    ____months

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    I didn’t breastfeed my baby
    I breastfed my baby for less than 1 week
    I breastfed my baby for: ____week(s) OR ____month(s)
    I’m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023
Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for four weeks or more.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Percentage of women who breastfed for eight weeks or more Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or pump milk to feed your baby?

Phase 9 (2023-)
How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your new baby?
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    ____weeks
    OR
    ____months
    Less than 1 week

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    I didn’t breastfeed my baby
    I breastfed my baby for less than 1 week
    I breastfed my baby for: ____week(s) OR ____month(s)
    I’m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023
Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for eight weeks or more.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Percentage of women who thought that cannabis consumption is never safe while breastfeeding Phase 8 (2016-2022)
How long do you think it is necessary for someone to wait after using marijuana before breastfeeding?
Check ONE answer

Phase 9 (2023-)
How long do you think someone should wait after using marijuana or cannabis before breastfeeding?
Check ONE answer
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ONE answer
    I don’t think they need to wait at all
    I think it is best to wait until they are no longer high
    I think it is best to wait at least 2-3 hours after they are no longer high
    I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana at all while breastfeeding

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Check ONE answer
    I don’t think they need to wait at all
    I think it is best to wait until they are no longer high
    I think it is best to wait at least 2-3 hours after they are no longer high
    I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana or cannabis at all while breastfeeding
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A
Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana at all while breastfeeding" or "I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana or cannabis at all while breastfeeding".
Denominator: All respondents. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Breastfeeding Information
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from a breastfeeding hotline or toll-free number Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

f. A breastfeeding hotline or toll-free number
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "A breastfeeding hotline or toll-free number".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from a breastfeeding or lactation specialist Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

c. A breastfeeding or lactation specialist
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "A breastfeeding or lactation specialist".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from a breastfeeding support group Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

e. A breastfeeding support group
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "A breastfeeding support group".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from a nurse, midwife, or doula Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

b. A nurse, midwife, or doula
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "A nurse, midwife, or doula".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from family or friends Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

g. Family or friends
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Family or friends".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from their baby's doctor or health care provider Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

d. My baby’s doctor or health care provider
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "My baby’s doctor or health care provider".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they received information about breastfeeding from their doctor Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Before or after your new baby was born, did you receive information about breastfeeding from any of the following sources?

a. My doctor
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "My doctor".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who babies have died or are not living with them. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis while breastfeeding Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

d. Advise me not to breastfeed my baby if I was using marijuana

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

d. Advise me not to breastfeed my baby if I was using marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Cannabis Consumption
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis in the three months before pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. At any time during the 3 months before you got pregnant OR during your most recent pregnancy, did you use marijuana or hash in any form?

B. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, about how often did you use marijuana products in an average month?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2022

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).

This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis in the three months before pregnancy (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
A. During any of the following time periods, did you use marijuana or cannabis in any form? Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products.

a. During the 3 months before I got pregnant

B. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, on average, about how often did you use marijuana or cannabis products?
    Phase 9 (2023-)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023 		Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents.
New York State (excluding New York City) collects two variables that are used for this indicator: a yes/no item about cannabis consumption before pregnacy and a single-choice item about the frequency of consumption before pregnancy. New York City collects the yes/no item only.

There is a note "Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products" in Phase 9 question.
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis during pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. At any time during the 3 months before you got pregnant OR during your most recent pregnancy, did you use marijuana or hash in any form?

B. During your most recent pregnancy, about how often did you use marijuana products in an average month?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018,2021-2022

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis during pregnancy (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
A. During any of the following time periods, did you use marijuana or cannabis in any form?
Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products.

b. During my most recent pregnancy

B. During your most recent pregnancy, on average, about how often did you use marijuana or cannabis products?
    Phase 9 (2023-)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023 		Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents.
New York State (excluding New York City) collects two variables that are used for this indicator: a yes/no item about cannabis consumption before pregnacy and a single-choice item about the frequency of consumption before pregnancy. New York City collects the yes/no item only.

There is a note "Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products" in Phase 9 question.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they were consuming cannabis Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis during pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis during pregnancy, among those who reported being screened for cannabis consumption Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes" to both survey items.
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis after delivery Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Since your new baby was born, have you used marijuana or hash in any form?

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of the following time periods, did you use marijuana or cannabis in any form?
Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products.

c. Since my new baby was born
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: 2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
This survey item was not included on the PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
There is a note "Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products" in Phase 9 question.
Percentage of women who thought that cannabis consumption is never safe while breastfeeding Phase 8 (2016-2022)
How long do you think it is necessary for someone to wait after using marijuana before breastfeeding?
Check ONE answer

Phase 9 (2023-)
How long do you think someone should wait after using marijuana or cannabis before breastfeeding?
Check ONE answer
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ONE answer
    I don’t think they need to wait at all
    I think it is best to wait until they are no longer high
    I think it is best to wait at least 2-3 hours after they are no longer high
    I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana at all while breastfeeding

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Check ONE answer
    I don’t think they need to wait at all
    I think it is best to wait until they are no longer high
    I think it is best to wait at least 2-3 hours after they are no longer high
    I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana or cannabis at all while breastfeeding
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana at all while breastfeeding" or "I don’t think it is safe to use marijuana or cannabis at all while breastfeeding".
Denominator: All respondents. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis while breastfeeding Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

d. Advise me not to breastfeed my baby if I was using marijuana

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

d. Advise me not to breastfeed my baby if I was using marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Family Planning
Percentage of live births resulting from an unintended^ pregnancy Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Thinking back to just before you got pregnant with your new baby, how did you feel about becoming pregnant?
    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    I wanted to be pregnant later
    I wanted to be pregnant sooner
    I wanted to be pregnant then
    I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future
    I wasn't sure what I wanted
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I wanted to be pregnant later" or "I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who checked "I wasn't sure what I wanted".
Percentage of women who reported receiving fertility treatments^ for most recent pregnancy Phase 5 (2004-2008)
Did you receive treatment from a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker to help you get pregnant with your new baby?
(This may include infertility treatments such as fertility-enhancing drugs or assisted reproductive technology.)

Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
Did you take any fertility drugs or receive any medical procedures from a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker to help you get pregnant with your new baby?
This may include infertility treatments such as fertility-enhancing drugs or assisted reproductive technology.
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2008

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015

NYC: 2004-2008, 2016-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were not trying to get pregnant, and those using birth control to prevent pregnancy.
Not available for New York State (excluding New York City) in Phase 8 (2016-2022).

Not available for New York State (excluding New York City) and New York City in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that they were trying to become pregnant at the time of conception Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you trying to get pregnant?
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Only available for New York City in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported using birth control when they became pregnant^ Phase 5 (2004-2008)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
(Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include not having sex at certain times [rhythm] or withdrawal, and using birth control methods such as the pill, condoms, cervical ring, IUD, having their tubes tied, or their partner having a vasectomy.)

Phase 6 (2009-2011)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
(Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include not having sex at certain times [natural family planning or rhythm] or withdrawal, and using birth control methods such as the pill, condoms, vaginal ring, IUD, having their tubes tied, or their partner having a vasectomy.)

Phase 7 (2012-2015)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include using birth control pills, condoms, withdrawal, or natural family planning.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include having their tubes tied, using birth control pills, condoms, withdrawal, or natural family planning.

Phase 9 (2023-)
When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your spouse or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
This can include having your tubes tied, using birth control pills, condoms, natural family planning, or other methods.
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were trying to get pregnant. 		Only available for New York City in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported using birth control after delivery^ Phase 5 (2004-2008)
Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?
(Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include not having sex at certain times [rhythm] or withdrawal, and using birth control methods such as the pill, condoms, cervical ring, IUD, having their tubes tied, or their partner having a vasectomy.)

Phase 6 (2009-2011)
Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?
(Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include not having sex at certain times [natural family planning or rhythm] or withdrawal, and using birth control methods such as the pill, condoms, vaginal ring, IUD, having their tubes tied, or their partner having a vasectomy.)

Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?
Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include using birth control pills, condoms, withdrawal, or natural family planning.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?
Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include having their tubes tied, using birth control pills, condoms, withdrawal, or natural family planning.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant? Some things people do to keep from getting pregnant include having their tubes tied, using birth control pills, condoms, withdrawal, or natural family planning.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Are you or your spouse or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant? This can include having your tubes tied, using birth control pills, condoms, natural family planning, or other methods.
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Birth control pills".
Denominator: All respondents
Health Insurance
Percentage of women who reported that they did not have health insurance in the month before they got pregnant Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, what kind of health insurance did you have?
Check ALL that apply
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband, partner, or parents
    Private health insurance purchased directly from an insurance company
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Some other kind of health insurance
    I did not have any health insurance during the month before I got pregnant

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner
    Private health insurance from my parents
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Other health insurance
    I did not have health insurance during the month before I got pregnant

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance (paid for by me, someone else, or through a job)
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military healthcare
    Other health insurance Please tell us:
    I didn’t have any health insurance during the month before I got pregnant
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have any health insurance during the month before I got pregnant"
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have health insurance during the month before I got pregnant"
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I didn’t have any health insurance during the month before I got pregnant"
Denominator: All respondents. 		The response options vary slightly by PRAMS phase.
Percentage of women who reported that they did not have insurance for prenatal care during pregnancy Phase 7 (2012-2015)
During your most recent pregnancy, what kind of health insurance did you have to pay for your prenatal care?
Check ALL that apply

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, what kind of health insurance did you have for your prenatal care?
Check ALL that apply

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, what kind of health insurance did you have?
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband, partner, or parents
    Private health insurance purchased directly from an insurance company
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Some other kind of health insurance
    I did not have any health insurance to pay for my prenatal care

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner
    Private health insurance from my parents
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Other health insurance
    I did not have any health insurance for my prenatal care

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Private health insurance (paid for by me, someone else, or through a job)
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military healthcare
    Other health insurance Please tell us:
    I didn’t have any health insurance during my pregnancy
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have any health insurance to pay for my prenatal care".
Denominator: All respondents except those who did not go for prenatal care.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I did not have any health insurance for my prenatal care".
Denominator: All respondents except those who did not go for prenatal care.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I didn’t have any health insurance during my pregnancy".
Denominator: All respondents except those who did not go for prenatal care.
In phase 9 the language "for my prenatal care" was dropped from the question.

The response options vary slightly by PRAMS phase.
Percentage of women who reported that they did not have health insurance after delivery^ Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
What kind of health insurance do you have now?
Check ALL that apply
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the
    job of my husband, partner, or parents
    Private health insurance purchased directly
    from an insurance company
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Some other kind of
    health insurance
    I do not have health insurance now

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance from my job or the job of my husband or partner
    Private health insurance from my parents
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military health care
    Other health insurance
    I do not have health insurance now

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Check ALL that apply
    Private health insurance (paid for by me, someone else, or through a job)
    Private health insurance from the New York State Health Insurance Marketplace (nystateofhealth.ny.gov) or HealthCare.gov
    Medicaid
    Family Health Plus
    Family Planning Benefit Program (FPBP)
    Child Health Plus
    TRICARE or other military healthcare
    Other health insurance Please tell us:
    I don’t have any health insurance now
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I do not have health insurance now".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I don’t have any health insurance now".
Denominator: All respondents. 		The response options vary slightly by PRAMS phase.
Home Visit
Percentage of women who reported that a home visitor has come to their home to help them learn how to take care of themselves or their baby Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
During your most recent pregnancy, did a home visitor come to your home to help you prepare for your new baby?
A home visitor is a nurse, a health care worker, a social worker, or other person who works for a program that helps pregnant women.
    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2022

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Only available for New York City in Phase 9 (2023-).
Hospital Practices Related to Breastfeeding
Percentage of babies fed only breastmilk in hospital Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did.

f./g. My baby was fed only breast milk at the hospital

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen?
For each one, check No or Yes.

f. My baby was fed only breast milk at the hospital
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Not available for New York City In Phase 9.

The Phase 9 question is reworded.
Percentage of women who breastfed in the hospital Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

c. I breastfed my baby in the hospital
    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2009-2022 		Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who breastfed within the first hour after birth Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

d/e. I breastfed in the first hour after my baby was born

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen? For each one, check No or Yes.

d. I breastfed as soon as possible after my baby was born
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2009-2022 		Phase 5-9 (2009-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Not availble for New York City In Phase 9.

The Phase 9 question is reworded and the relevant response option was updated from "in the first hour after my baby was born" to "as soon as possible after my baby was born."
Percentage of women who reported that the hospital gave breastfeeding information Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

a. Hospital staff gave me information about breastfeeding
    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2009-2022 		Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who report the hospital gave them a breast pump Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

h. The hospital gave me a breast pump to use
    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2009-2022 		Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that the hospital gave them a gift pack with formula Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

i./j. The hospital gave me a gift pack with formula

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen?
For each one, check No or Yes.

h.The hospital gave me a gift pack with formula
    Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2009-2022 		Phase 6-8 (2009-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Not available for New York City In Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported that the hospital gave them a telephone number for breastfeeding help Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

j./k. The hospital gave me a telephone number to call for help with breastfeeding
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that the hospital helped them learn how to breastfeed Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

c./d./e. Hospital staff helped me learn how to breastfeed

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen?
For each one, check No or Yes.

c. Hospital staff helped me learn how to breastfeed
    Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Not available for New York City In Phase 9.

The Phase 9 question is reworded.
Percentage of women who reported that the hospital told them to breastfeed on demand Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

g./h. Hospital staff told me to breastfeed whenever my baby wanted
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2005-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
Percentage of women who reported that their baby stayed in same room at hospital Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

b. My baby stayed in the same room with me at the hospital

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen?
For each one, check No or Yes.

b. My baby stayed in the same room with me at the hospital
    Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital.
The Phase 9 question is reworded.

Not available for New York City In Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported that their baby used a pacifier in the hospital Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if it happened or circle N (No) if it did not happen.

k. My baby used a pacifier in the hospital

Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen or Yes if it did happen.

k. Hospital staff gave my baby a pacifier
    Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
    N
    Y

    Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2022

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Y" or "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who never breastfed their baby or those whose baby was not born in the hospital. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that their baby was placed in skin-to-skin contact with them within the first hour of life Phase 8 (2016-2022)
This question asks about things that may have happened at the hospital where your new baby was born:

f. My baby was placed in skin-to-skin contact within the first hour of life

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your hospital stay after your new baby was born, did any of the following things happen?
For each one, check No or Yes.

e. My baby was placed in skin-to-skin contact as soon as possible after birth
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not give birth in a hospital.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Not available for New York City In Phase 9.

The Phase 9 question is reworded. The available response dropped "in the first hour" and instead used "as soon as possible"
Maternal Oral Health
Percentage of women who reported a health care visit to have their teeth cleaned before pregnancy^ Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any health care visits with a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker, including a dental or mental health worker?

B. What type of health care visit did you have in the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following healthcare visits?

g. Visit to have my teeth cleaned
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-A
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-B
    Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes" and "Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-):
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Visit to have my teeth cleaned".
Denominator: All respondents.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 response option drops "by a dentist or dental hygienist."
Percentage of women who reported a health care visit to have their teeth cleaned before pregnancy^ Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any health care visits with a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker, including a dental or mental health worker?

B. What type of health care visit did you have in the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following healthcare visits?

g. Visit to have my teeth cleaned
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-A
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-B
    Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes" and "Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-):
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Visit to have my teeth cleaned".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who reported having their teeth cleaned during pregnancy Phase 5 (2004-2008)
When did you have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist?
For each of the three time periods, circle Y (Yes) if you had your teeth cleaned then or circle N (No) if you did not have your teeth cleaned then.

b. During my most recent pregnancy

Phase 6 (2009-2011)
Did you have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist during the time periods listed below?
For each time period, circle Y (Yes) if you had your teeth cleaned then or circle N (No) if you did not have your teeth cleaned then.

a. During my most recent pregnancy

Phase 7 (2012-2015)
This question is about the care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy.
For each item, check No if it is not true or does not apply to you or Yes if it is true.

c. I had my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist

Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist?
    Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
    N
    Y

    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Y" or "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who needed to see a dentist for a problem during pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question is about the care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy.
For each item, check No if it is not true or does not apply to you or Yes if it is true.

a./d. I needed to see a dentist for a problem
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2012-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I needed to see a dentist for a problem".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who talked with a dentist or other health care worker about care of teeth and gums during pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question is about the care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy.
For each item, check No if it is not true or does not apply to you or Yes if it is true.

b./c./e. A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2012-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "A dental or other health care worker talked with me about how to care for my teeth and gums".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who went to a dentist or dental clinic for a problem during pregnancy Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
This question is about the care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy.
For each item, check No if it is not true or does not apply to you or Yes if it is true.

e./f. I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem
    Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2022

NYC: 2012-2022 		Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I went to a dentist or dental clinic about a problem".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who needed to see a dentist for a problem during pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question is about the care of your teeth during your most recent pregnancy.
For each item, check No if it is not true or does not apply to you or Yes if it is true.

a./d. I needed to see a dentist for a problem
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2012-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022))
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I needed to see a dentist for a problem".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Nutrition
Percentage of women on WIC during pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, were you on WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)?
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women taking a multivitamin^ before pregnancy Phase 5 (2004-2008)
During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, how many times a week did you take a multivitamin or a prenatal vitamin?
These are pills that contain many different vitamins and minerals.

Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, how many times a week did you take a multivitamin, a prenatal vitamin, or a folic acid vitamin?
    Phase 5 (2004-2008)
    I didn’t take a multivitamin or a prenatal vitamin at all
    1 to 3 times a week
    4 to 6 times a week
    Every day of the week

    Phase 6 (2009-2011)
    I didn’t take a multivitamin, prenatal vitamin, or folic acid vitamin at all
    1 to 3 times a week
    4 to 6 times a week
    Every day of the week

    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    I didn’t take a multivitamin, prenatal vitamin, or folic acid vitamin in the month before I got pregnant
    1 to 3 times a week
    4 to 6 times a week
    Every day of the week

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    I didn't take a multivitamin or prenatal vitamin at all
    1 to 3 days a week
    4 to 6 days a week
    Every day of the week
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "1 to 3 days a week" or "4 to 6 days a week" or "Every day of the week".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who had knowledge of folic acid^ importance Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Some health experts recommend taking folic acid for which one of the following reasons?
Check one answer
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    Check one answer
    To make strong bones
    To prevent birth defects
    To prevent high blood pressure
    I don't know
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: N/A 		Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "To prevent birth defects".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Physical Abuse
Percentage of women who reported experiencing physical abuse before pregnancy PPhase 5 (2004-2008)
During the 12 months before you got pregnant, were you physically hurt in any way by your husband or partner?
During the 12 months before you got pregnant, did an ex-husband or ex-partner push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
During the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did your husband or partner push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did your husband or partner; ex-husband or ex-partner; another family member; someone else push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did any of the following people push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

a. My spouse or partner
b. My ex-spouse or ex-partner.
c. Someone else.
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Phase 5 includes "husband or partner" and "ex-husband or ex-partner"
Phase 6 and 7 only includes "husband or partner"
Phase 8 includes "husband or partner", "ex-husband or ex-partner", "another family member", and "someone else"
Phase 9 includes "husband or partner", "ex-husband or ex-partner" and "someone else"

The Phase 9 question language was was updated to remove "another family member."
NYC does not have the response option "c. Someone else."
Percentage of women who reported experiencing physical abuse during pregnancy Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
During your most recent pregnancy, were you physically hurt in any way by your husband or partner?
During your most recent pregnancy, did an ex-husband or ex-partner push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 7 (2012-2015)
During your most recent pregnancy, did your husband or partner push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, did your husband or partner; ex-husband or ex-partner; another family member; someone else push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, did any of the following people push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?

a. My spouse or partner.
b. My ex-spouse or ex-partner.
c. Someone else
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Phase 5-6 includes "husband or partner" and "ex-husband or ex-partner"
Phase 7 includes only "husband or partner"
Phase 8 includes "husband or partner", "ex-husband or ex-partner", "another family member", "someone else"
Phase 9 includes "My spouse or partner", "My ex-spouse or ex-partner", "Someone else"

The Phase 9 question language was was updated to remove "another family member."

NYC does not have the response option "c. Someone else."
Postpartum Care
Percentage of women who reported receiving a postpartum checkup Phase 5 (2004-2008)
Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?
(A postpartum checkup is the regular checkup a woman has after she gives birth.)

Phase 6 (2009-2011)
Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?
(A postpartum checkup is the regular checkup a woman has about 6 weeks after she gives birth.)

Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?
A postpartum checkup is the regular checkup a woman has about 4-6 weeks after she gives birth.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?
A postpartum checkup is a regular health checkup you have up to 12 weeks after giving birth.
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023 		Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		The definition of postpartum checkup was expanded from "4-6 weeks" after birth in Phase 8 to "up to 12 weeks" after birth in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported being advised to take a vitamin with folic acid during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

a. Tell me to take a vitamin with folic acid
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported being asked how breastfeeding was going during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

k. Ask me how breastfeeding was going
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported being asked if someone was hurting them emotionally or physically during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

h. Ask me if someone was hurting me emotionally or physically

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Ask me...

h. If someone was hurting me emotionally or physically
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported being asked if someone was hurting them emotionally or physically during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

h. Ask me if someone was hurting me emotionally or physically

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Ask me...

h. If someone was hurting me emotionally or physically
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care.
Percentage of women who reported being tested for diabetes during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

j. Test me for diabetes

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
A healthcare provider...

i. Tested me for diabetes
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported receiving counseling on how long to wait before getting pregnant again during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

c. Talk to me about how long to wait before getting pregnant again

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Talk to me about…

b. How long to wait before getting pregnant again
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported receiving postpartum counseling on birth control use Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
At that visit, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker discuss family planning or birth control with you?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

d. Talk to me about birth control methods I can use after giving birth

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Talk to me about…

c. Birth control methods
    Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 6-9 (2009-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9, and Phase 9 dropped "I can use after giving birth" from the response option language.
Percentage of women who reported being asked if they were using tobacco during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

d. Ask me if I was smoking cigarettes

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Ask me...

g. If I was smoking cigarettes or using e-cigarettes (“vapes”) or other smokeless tobacco
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The item was expanded in Phase 9 to include "e-cigarettes (“vapes”) or other smokeless tobacco".

The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported being counseled about health eating, exercise, and losing weight gained during pregnancy during a postpartum care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

b. Talk to me about healthy eating, exercise, and losing weight gained during pregnancy

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your postpartum checkup, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Talk to me about...

a. Healthy eating, exercise, and losing weight gained during pregnancy
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Postpartum Depression
Percentage of women who asked for help for depression after giving birth Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Since your new baby was born, have you asked for help for depression from a doctor, nurse or other health care worker?

Phase 9 (2023-)
Since your new baby was born, have you asked for help for depression from a healthcare provider?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.

Not available for New York City In Phase 9.
Percentage of women who experienced depressive symptoms after giving birth^ Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Since your new baby was born, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Since your new baby was born, how often have you had little interest or little pleasure in doing things?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Since your new baby was born, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Since your new baby was born, how often have you had little interest or little pleasure in doing things you usually enjoyed?

Phase 9 (2023-)
Since your new baby was born, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Since your new baby was born, how often have you had little interest or little pleasure in doing things?
    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023 		Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Always" or "Often" to either survey item.
Denominator: All respondents. 		The Phase 9 question language dropped the phrase "you usually enjoyed."
Percentage of women who received counseling for depression after giving birth^ Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Since your new baby was born, have you gotten counseling for your depression?
    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were NOT told by a doctor, nurse or other health care worker that they had depression. 		Not available for New York City In Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported that a health care provider asked them about depression symptoms at a postpartum visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?

i. Ask me if I was feeling down or depressed
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for postpartum care. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who took prescription medicine for depression after giving birth^ Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Since your new baby was born, have you taken prescription medicine for your depression?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were NOT told by a doctor, nurse or other health care worker that they had depression. 		Not available for New York City In Phase 9.
Percentage of women who were told that they have depression after giving birth Phase 5 (2004-2008)
At any time during your most recent pregnancy, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker diagnose you with depression?

Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Since your new baby was born, has a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker told you that you had depression?
    Phase 5 (2004-2008)
    No
    Yes

    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2004-2008, 2012-2022 		Phase 5 (2004-2008)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available for New York City In Phase 9.

This survey item was not included the New York State (exlcuding New York City) and the New York City PRAMS questionnaires for Phase 6 (2009-2011).
Preconception Health
Percentage of women who discussed family medical history before pregnancy^ Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you do any of the following things?
For each item, check No if you did not do it or Yes if you did it.

g. I talked to a health care worker about my family medical history
    Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015

NYC: 2009-2015 		Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I talked to a health care worker about my family medical history".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who had pre-pregnancy diabetes^ Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following health conditions? For each one, check No if you did not have the condition or Yes if you did.

a. Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes (not gestational diabetes or diabetes that starts during pregnancy)
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents
Percentage of women who report they had high blood pressure or hypertension three months before pregnancy Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following health conditions? For each one, check No if you did not have the condition or Yes if you did.

b. High blood pressure or hypertension
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023 		Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents
Percentage of women who reported visiting a family doctor's office or OB/GYN's office for a regular checkup in the 12 months before pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any health care visits with a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker, including a dental or mental health worker?

B. What type of health care visit did you have in the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022) - A
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022) - B
    Check ALL that apply.
    Regular checkup at my family doctor’s office
    Regular checkup at my OB/GYN’s office
    Visit for an illness or chronic condition
    Visit for an injury
    Visit for family planning or birth control
    Visit for depression or anxiety
    Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist
    Other
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes" and "Regular checkup at my family doctor’s office" or "Regular checkup at my OB/GYN’s office" .
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported visiting a family doctor's office or OB/GYN's office for a regular checkup in the 12 months before pregnancy (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
In the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you have any of the following healthcare visits?
    Phase 9 (2023-)
    For each one, check No or Yes.
    a. Regular checkup with a family doctor
    b. Regular checkup with an OB/GYN
    c. Visit for an injury, illness, or chronic condition
    d. Visit to urgent care or the emergency room
    e. Visit for family planning or to get birth control
    f. Visit for depression or anxiety
    g. Visit to have my teeth cleaned
    h. Other. Please tell us:
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023 		Phase 9 (2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Regular checkup at my family doctor’s office" or "Regular checkup at my OB/GYN’s office" .
Denominator: All respondents
Percentage of women who were checked for diabetes before pregnancy^ Phase 7 (2012-2015)
At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you do any of the following things? For each item, check No if you did not do it or Yes if you did it.

d. I visited a health care worker and was checked for diabetes.
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2015

NYC: 2012-2015 		Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I visited a health care worker and was checked for diabetes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who were checked for high blood pressure before pregnancy^ Phase 7 (2012-2015)
At any time during the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you do any of the following things?

e. I visited a health care worker and was checked for high blood pressure
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2015

NYC: 2012-2015 		Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I visited a health care worker and was checked for high blood pressure".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis in the three months before pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
A. At any time during the 3 months before you got pregnant OR during your most recent pregnancy, did you use marijuana or hash in any form?

B. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, about how often did you use marijuana products in an average month?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2022

NYC: N/A 		Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).

This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who reported consuming cannabis in the three months before pregnancy (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
A. During any of the following time periods, did you use marijuana or cannabis in any form? Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products.

a. During the 3 months before I got pregnant

B. During the 3 months before you got pregnant, on average, about how often did you use marijuana or cannabis products?
    Phase 9 (2023-)-A.
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)-B.
    Daily
    2-6 days a week
    1 day a week
    2-3 days a month
    1 day a month or less
    I did not use marijuana then
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023 		Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who indicated any marijuana use.
Denominator: All respondents.
New York State (excluding New York City) collects two variables that are used for this indicator: a yes/no item about cannabis consumption before pregnacy and a single-choice item about the frequency of consumption before pregnancy. New York City collects the yes/no item only.

There is a note "Please do not include hemp or CBD-only products" in Phase 9 question.
Prenatal Care Counseling
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about alcohol use during pregnancy Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, check No if no one talked with you about it or Yes if someone did.

c./d. How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015

NYC: 2004-2015		 Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about breastfeeding Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, check No if no one talked with you about it or Yes if someone did.

c. Breastfeeding my baby
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015

NYC: 2004-2015		 Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about depression Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, check No if no one talked with you about it or Yes if someone did.

k. What to do if I feel depressed during my pregnancy or after my baby is born

Phase 9 (2023)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
For each one, check No or Yes.

d. What to do if I feel depressed or anxious during my pregnancy or after my baby is born
    Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2015, 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015, 2023

NYC: 2009-2015, 2023		 Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 7 (2015) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022).

The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 6 and 7 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.

The phase 9 is expanded to include "or anxious" in addition to depression.
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about physical abuse Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if someone talked with you about it or circle N (No) if no one talked with you about it.

k./l. Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015

NYC: 2004-2015		 Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about preterm birth Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, check No if no one talked with you about it or Yes if someone did.

h./i. The signs and symptoms of preterm labor (labor more than 3 weeks before the baby is due).

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Talk to me about...

c. The signs and symptoms of preterm labor (labor more than 3 weeks before the baby is due)
    Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2009-2015, 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2009-2015, 2023

NYC: 2009-2015, 2023		 Phase 6-7 (2009-2015) and Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Y" or "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 7 (2015) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022).

The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 6 and 7 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who received prenatal care counseling about smoking during pregnancy Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?
Please count only discussions, not reading materials or videos.
For each item, check No if no one talked with you about it or Yes if someone did.

a./b. How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby
    Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2015

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2015

NYC: 2004-2015		 Phase 5-7 (2004-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis during pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who were advised by a health care provider to not consume cannabis during pregnancy, among those who reported being screened for cannabis consumption Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
c. Advise me not to use marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes" to both survey items.
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Prenatal Care Screening
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if someone was hurting them emotionally or physically Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

e. If someone was hurting me emotionally or physically

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things? Ask me..

j. If someone was hurting me emotionally or physically
    Phase 8 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they planned to breastfeed their new baby Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

i. If I planned to breastfeed my new baby

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things? Ask me...

e. If I planned to breastfeed my new baby
    Phase 8 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phse 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they were drinking alcohol Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

d. If I was drinking alcohol

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things? Ask me...

i. If I was drinking alcohol
    Phase 8 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they were feeling down or depressed Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

f. If I was feeling down or depressed
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who were asked if they were using drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, or meth during a prenatal care visit Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

g. If I was using drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, or meth

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things? Ask me...

k. If I was using illegal drugs
l. If I was using marijuana.
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they were consuming cannabis Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things? Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each item, check No if they did not do this or Yes if they did.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?
Please include if they asked you on a written form or in a conversation.
For each one, check No or Yes.

a. Ask me if I was using marijuana or cannabis
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: N/A

NYS excl. NYC: 2017-2018, 2021-2023

NYC: N/A		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents who got prenatal care. 		This survey item was not included on the New York State (excluding New York City) PRAMS questionnaire in 2019 and 2020.
Percentage of women who were asked by a health care worker if they were using tobacco Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker ask you any of the things listed below?

c. If I was smoking cigarettes

Phase 9 (2023-)
During any of your prenatal care visits, did a healthcare provider do any of the following things?

h. If I smoked cigarettes or used e-cigarettes (“vapes”) or other smokeless tobacco
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care. 		The question language was expanded in Phase 9 to include "e-cigarettes (“vapes”) or other smokeless tobacco"
Prenatal Health Conditions
Percentage of women who reported depression during pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?

c. Depression

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?

c. Depression
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported gestational diabetes during pregnancy^ Phase 5 (2004-2008)
Did you have any of these problems during your most recent pregnancy?
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if you had the problem or circle N (No) if you did not.

b. High blood sugar (diabetes) that started during this pregnancy

Phase 6-7 (2009-2015)
During your most recent pregnancy, were you told by a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker that you had gestational diabetes (diabetes that started during this pregnancy)?

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?
For each one, check No if you did not have the condition or Yes if you did.

a. Gestational diabetes (diabetes that started during this pregnancy)

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?
For each one, check No or Yes.

a. Gestational diabetes (diabetes that started during this pregnancy)
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023		 Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Y" or "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Percentage of women who reported high blood pressure^ that started during pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?

b. High blood pressure (that started during this pregnancy), pre-eclampsia or eclampsia

Phase 9 (2023-)
During your most recent pregnancy, did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?

b. High blood pressure (that started during this pregnancy), pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Phase 8 relies on self-report and asks "[...] did you have any of the following health conditions?" and Phase 9 is updated to ask about diagnosis status and asks "[...] did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?"

The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.
Safe Sleep
Percentage of women who reported co-sleeping with their infant in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
In the past 2 weeks, how often has your new baby slept alone in his or her own crib or bed?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, when you were sleeping, how often has your new baby slept alone in their own crib or bed?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Sometimes", "Rarely", or "Never".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		The Phase 9 questions language was updated to include "when you were sleeping."
Percentage of woment who reported MOST OFTEN placing their infants on their back to sleep Phase 5 (2004-2008)
How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now?
Check one answer

Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
In which one position do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now?
Check one answer
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    Check ONE answer.
    On his or her side
    On his or her back
    On his or her stomach
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022		 Phase 5-8 (2004-2022):
Numerator: Respondents who checked "On his or her back".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of woment who reported placing their infants ONLY on their back to sleep Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, how did you place your new baby to sleep at night and during naps?
For each one, check No or Yes.
    Phase 9 (2023-)
    For each one, check No or Yes.
    a. On their side
    b. On their back
    c. On their stomach
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023		 Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes " for "b. On their back".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
Percentage of women who reported sleeping in the same room of their new baby sleeping alone in a bed or a crib in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
When your new baby sleeps alone, is his or her crib or bed in the same room where you sleep?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, was your baby’s crib or bed in the same room where you or another adult slept?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. This report excludes respondents who indicated that their new baby never sleeps alone in their crib or bed. 		The Phase 9 question language was updated to include "In the past 2 weeks."
Percentage of women who reported that a health care provider told them to place their baby's crib or bed in my room Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker tell you any of the following things?

c. Place my baby’s crib or bed in my room
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that a health care provider told them to place their new baby on their back to sleep Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker tell you any of the following things?

a. Place my baby on his or her back to sleep
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that a health care provider told them to place their new baby to sleep in a crib, bassinet, or pack and play Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker tell you any of the following things?

b. Place my baby to sleep in a crib, bassinet, or pack and play
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that a health care provider told them what things should and should not go in bed with baby
Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker tell you any of the following things?

d. What things should and should not go in bed with my baby
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby always or often sleeping in their own crib or bed in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
In the past 2 weeks, how often has your new baby slept alone in his or her own crib or bed?

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, when you were sleeping, how often has your new baby slept alone in their own crib or bed?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked, "Always", or "Often".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		The Phase 9 questions language was updated to include "when you were sleeping."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in a crib, portable crib, or bassinet in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

a. In a crib, bassinet, or pack and play

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, where have you placed your new baby to sleep at night or during naps? For each one, check No or Yes.

a. In a crib, portable crib, or bassinet
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually."

Phase 9 omits "pack and play" from the response option and adds "portable crib."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in a sleeping sack or wearable blanket in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

e. In a sleeping sack or wearable blanket

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, has your new baby been placed to sleep with the following?

a. In a sleeping sack or wearable blanket
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in an infant car seat or swing in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

d. In an infant car seat or swing

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, where have you placed your new baby to sleep at night or during naps?

d. In an infant car seat.
e. In a swing, rocker, or other inclined sleeper
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    Always
    Often
    Sometimes
    Rarely
    Never
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually."

Phase 9 splits "infant car seat" and "swing" into two different response options. The response option to indicate swing now also includes "rocker, or other included sleeper."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in on a couch, sofa, or armchair in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

c. On a couch, sofa, or armchair

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, where have you placed your new baby to sleep at night or during naps?

c. On a couch, sofa, or armchair.
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually."

Phase 9 omits "pack and play" from the response option and adds "portable crib."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in on a twin or larger mattress or bed in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

b. On a twin or larger mattress or bed

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, where have you placed your new baby to sleep at night or during naps?

b. On a twin or larger mattress or bed
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually."

Phase 9 omits "pack and play" from the response option and adds "portable crib."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in on a twin or larger mattress or bed in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

b. On a twin or larger mattress or bed

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, where have you placed your new baby to sleep at night or during naps?

b. On a twin or larger mattress or bed
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept with a blanket in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

f. With a blanket
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept with a comforters, quilts, blankets, or non-fitted sheets in the past two weeks (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, has your new baby been placed to sleep with the following?

c. Comforters, quilts, blankets, or non-fitted sheets.
    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023		 Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept in a swaddled blanket in the past two weeks (2023-) Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, has your new baby been placed to sleep with the following?

b. In a swaddled blanket
    Phase 9 (2023-)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2023

NYC: 2023		 Phase 9 (2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept with crib bumper pads (mesh or non-mesh) in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

h. With crib bumper pads (mesh or non-mesh)

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, has your new baby been placed to sleep with the following?

e. Crib bumper pads (mesh or non-mesh)
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually."
Percentage of women who reported that their new baby usually slept with toys, cushions, or pillows, including nursing pillows in the past two weeks Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Listed below are some more things about how babies sleep. How did your new baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks?

g. With toys, cushions, or pillows, including nursing pillows

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 weeks, has your new baby been placed to sleep with the following?

d. Soft toys, cushions, or pillows, including nursing pillows
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who reported that their new baby is still in the hospital, not living with them, or had died.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question drops the term "usually" from the question.

Phase 9 adds the word "soft" to the answer "Soft toys, cushions, or pillows, including nursing pillows"
Stressors
Percentage of women who experienced emotional stress^ in 12 months before delivery Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if it happened to you or circle N (No) if it did not.
(It may help to use the calendar.)

a. A close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital
m. Someone very close to me died

Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen to you or Yes if it did.
(It may help to look at the calendar when you answer these questions.)

a. A close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital
h. I was apart from my husband or partner due to military deployment or extended work-related travel
n. Someone very close to me died
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022		 Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).

The Phase 8 and Phase 9 response options were updated to include "I was apart from my husband or partner due to military deployment or extended work-related travel."
Percentage of women who experienced financial stress^ in 12 months before delivery Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if it happened to you or circle N (No) if it did not.
(It may help to look at the calendar when you answer these questions.)

c. I moved to a new address
e. My husband or partner lost his job
f. I lost my job even though I wanted to go on working
i. I had a lot of bills I couldn’t pay

Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen to you or Yes if it did.
(It may help to look at the calendar when you answer these questions.)

c. I moved to a new address
e. My husband or partner lost his job
f. I lost my job even though I wanted to go on working
g. My husband, partner, or I had a cut in work hours or pay
k. I had problems paying the rent, mortgage, or other bills
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022		 Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who experienced partner related stress^ in 12 months before delivery Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if it happened to you or circle N (No) if it did not.
(It may help to use the calendar.)

b. I got separated or divorced from my husband or partner
g./i. I argued with my husband or partner more than usual
h./j. My husband or partner said he didn’t want me to be pregnant
    Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2022

NYC: 2004-2022		 Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who experienced traumatic stress^ in 12 months before delivery Phase 5-6 (2004-2011)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, circle Y (Yes) if it happened to you or circle N (No) if it did not.
(It may help to use the calendar.)

d. I was homeless
k. My husband or partner or I went to jail
l. Someone very close to me had a bad problem with drinking or drugs

Phase 7-8 (2009-2015)
This question is about things that may have happened during the 12 months before your new baby was born.
For each item, check No if it did not happen to you or Yes if it did.
(It may help to look at the calendar when you answer these questions.)

d. I was homeless or had to sleep outside, in a car, or in a shelter
k./l. My husband, partner or I went to jail
m. Someone very close to me had a problem with drinking or drugs

Phase 9 (2023-)
Did any of the following things happen during the 12 months before your new baby was born?
For each one, check No or Yes.

d. I was homeless or had to sleep outside, in a car, or in a shelter
h. My spouse or partner went to jail/prison
i. I went to jail/prison
j. Someone close to me had a problem with drinking or drugs
    Phase 5-9 (2004-2013)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023		 Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents. 		The Phase 9 response options were updated. "Jail" was updated to "jail/prison" and "someone very close to me" was updated to "someone close to me."
Tobacco Use
Percentage of women who reported smoking cigarettes in the three months before pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?
(A pack has 20 cigarettes.)

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?
    Phase 5 (2004-2008)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    None (0 cigarette)

    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    I didn't smoke then

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    More than one pack (21 or more cigarettes)
    One-half to one pack (11 to 20 cigarettes)
    Less than half a pack (1 to 10 cigarettes)
    I didn’t smoke then
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023		 Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years. 		The Phase 9 response options were consolidated into broader categories.
Percentage of women who reported smoking cigarettes in the last three months of pregnancy Phase 5-8 (2004-2022)
In the last 3 months of your pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?
(A pack has 20 cigarettes.)

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the last 3 months of pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?
    Phase 5 (2004-2008)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    None (0 cigarette)

    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    I didn't smoke then

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    More than one pack (21 or more cigarettes)
    One-half to one pack (11 to 20 cigarettes)
    Less than half a pack (1 to 10 cigarettes)
    I didn’t smoke then
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023		 Phase 5-9 (2004-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years. 		The Phase 9 response options were consolidated into broader categories.
Percentage of women who reported smoking cigarettes after delivery^ Phase 5-8 (2004-2022) How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day now? A pack has 20 cigarettes. Phase 9 (2023-) How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day now?
    Phase 5 (2004-2008)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    None (0 cigarette)

    Phase 6-8 (2009-2022)
    41 cigarettes or more
    21 to 40 cigarettes
    11 to 20 cigarettes
    6 to 10 cigarettes
    1 to 5 cigarettes
    Less than 1 cigarette
    I didn't smoke then

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    More than one pack (21 or more cigarettes)
    One-half to one pack (11 to 20 cigarettes)
    Less than half a pack (1 to 10 cigarettes)
    I didn’t smoke then
NYS: 2004-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2004-2023

NYC: 2004-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes.
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who have not smoked in the last 2 years. 		The Phase 9 response options were consolidated into broader categories.
Percentage of women who reported using a hookah in the past two years Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Have you used any of the following products in the past 2 years?

b. Hookah
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked “Yes”.
Denominator: All respondents. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).
Percentage of women who reported using any e-cigarettes or other electronic nicotine products in the past two years Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Have you used any of the following products in the past 2 years?

a. E-cigarettes or other electronic nicotine products

Phase 9 (2023-)
In the past 2 years, did you ever use e-cigarettes (“vapes”) or other electronic nicotine products as a way of cutting down or stopping cigarette smoking?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked “Yes”.
Denominator: All respondents.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

The Phase 9 question is reworded to specify "as a way of cutting down or stopping cigarette smoking."
Vaccination
Percentage of women who were offered a flu shot or were told to get a flu shot during the 12 months before delivery Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
During the 12 months before the delivery of your new baby, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker offer you a flu shot or tell you to get one?

Phase 9 (2023-)
During the 12 months before your new baby was born, did a healthcare provider offer you the following shots or vaccinations?

a. Flu shot
    Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023		 Phase 7-9 (2012-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
The question language was updated from "a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker" in Phase 8 to "a healthcare provider" in Phase 9.

The Phase 9 question language was updated to remove "or tell you to get one."
Percentage of women who received a flu shot before or during pregnancy^ Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
During the 12 months before the delivery of your new baby, did you get a flu shot?

Phase 9 (2023-)
Did you get the following shots or vaccinations before or during your pregnancy?
    Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
    No
    Yes, before my pregnancy
    Yes, during my pregnancy

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    For each shot, check ALL that apply:
    B for 3 months before pregnancy
    D for During pregnancy
    or check N if you Did not get the shot in the 3 months before or during pregnancy
NYS: 2012-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2012-2023		 Phase 7-8 (2012-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, before my pregnancy" or "Yes, during my pregnancy".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "B" or "D" for "a. Flu shot".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who received Tdap vaccine before most recent pregnancy Phase 6-7 (2011-2015)
Did you receive a Tdap vaccination before, during or after your most recent pregnancy? A Tdap vaccine is a shot that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, andpertussis (or whooping cough).
Tdap was new in 2005.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Did you get the following shots or vaccinations before or during your pregnancy?

For each shot, check ALL that apply:
B for 3 months before pregnancy
D for During pregnancy
or check N if you Did not get the shot in the 3 months before or during pregnancy
b. Tdap shot
    Phase 6-7 (2011-2015)
    No
    Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy
    I don't know

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    For each shot, check ALL that apply:
    B for 3 months before pregnancy
    D for During pregnancy
    or check N if you Did not get the shot in the 3 months before or during pregnancy
    b. Tdap shot
NYS: 2011, 2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2011-2015, 2023

NYC: 2011, 2023		 Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy".
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022).

Only included on New York City PRAMS questionnaire in 2011 and 2023.

Collected only in the last year (2011) of Phase 6.
Percentage of women who received Tdap vaccine during pregnancy Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Did you receive a Tdap vaccination before, during or after your most recent pregnancy?
A Tdap vaccine is a shot that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (or whooping cough).
Tdap was new in 2005.
Check ONE answer

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
During your most recent pregnancy, did you receive a Tdap shot or vaccination?

Phase 9 (2023-)
Did you get the following shots or vaccinations before or during your pregnancy?

For each shot, check ALL that apply:
B for 3 months before pregnancy
D for During pregnancy
or check N if you Did not get the shot in the 3 months before or during pregnancy
b. Tdap shot
    Phase 7 (2012-2015)
    Check ONE answer
    No
    Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy
    I don’t know

    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No
    Yes
    I don't know

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    For each shot, check ALL that apply:
    B for 3 months before pregnancy
    D for During pregnancy
    or check N if you Did not get the shot in the 3 months before or during pregnancy
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2012-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 7 (2012-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy"
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "D" for "b. Tdap shot".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who received Tdap vaccine after pregnancy Phase 6-7 (2011-2015)
Did you receive a Tdap vaccination before, during or after your most recent pregnancy? A Tdap vaccine is a shot that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, andpertussis (or whooping cough).
Tdap was new in 2005.
    Phase 6-7 (2011-2015)
    No
    Yes, I received Tdap before my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap during my pregnancy
    Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy
    I don't know
NYS: 2011

NYS excl. NYC: 2011-2015

NYC: 2011		 Phase 6-7 (2011-2015)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I received Tdap after my pregnancy".
Denominator: All respondents.
Not available in Phase 8 (2016-2022) or Phase 9 (2023-).

Collected only in the last year (2011) of Phase 6.
Work and Leave
Percentage of women who reported taking any leave from their job^ Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Did you take leave from work after your new baby was born?
Check ALL that apply
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Check ALL that apply
    I took paid leave from my job
    I took unpaid leave from my job
    I did not take any leave

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Check ALL that apply
    Yes, I took paid leave from my job
    Yes, I took unpaid leave from my job
    Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave
    Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)
    No, I didn’t take any leave
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I took paid leave from my job" or "I took unpaid leave from my job".
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy and returned or will be returning to the job.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I took paid leave from my job" or "Yes, I took unpaid leave from my job" or "Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave" or "Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)".
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Phase 9 expanded the available responses to include "Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave" and " Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)"
Percentage of women who reported taking any paid leave from their job^ Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Did you take leave from work after your new baby was born?
Check ALL that apply
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    I took paid leave from my job
    I took unpaid leave from my job
    I did not take any leave

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    Yes, I took paid leave from my job‰
    Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave
    Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)
    No, I didn’t take any leave
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I took paid leave from my job".
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy and returned or will be returning to the job

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes, I took paid leave from my job" or "Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave" or "Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)".
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy.
There is a break in the trend line between the last year of Phase 8 (2022) and the first year of Phase 9 (2023) because Phase 9 estimates cannot be directly compared with prior phases due to questionnaire changes.

Phase 9 expanded the available responses to include "Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave" and " Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)"
Percentage of women who reported taking exclusively paid leave from their job for at least 12 weeks^ Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Did you take leave from work after your new baby was born?
Check ALL that apply

How many weeks or months of leave, in total, did you take or will you take?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    Yes, I took paid leave from my job
    Yes, I took unpaid leave from my job
    Yes, I took leave using New York State Paid Family Leave
    Yes, I took leave using Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI)
    No, I didn’t take any leave

    Less than 1 week
    ____weeks
    OR
    ____months

    Phase 9 (2023-)
    I took paid leave from my job
    I took unpaid leave from my job
    I did not take any leave

    ____weeks
    OR
    ____months
    Less than 1 week
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I took paid leave from my job" only and indicated that they took at least 12 weeks of leave.
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy and returned or will be returning to the job.

Phase 9 (2023-)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "I took paid leave from my job" only and indicated that they took at least 12 weeks of leave.
Denominator: All respondents who worked at a job for pay during pregnancy.
Percentage of women who reported working at a job for pay during their most recent pregnancy Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
At any time during your most recent pregnancy, did you work at a job for pay?
    Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
    No
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2023

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2023

NYC: 2016-2023		 Phase 8-9 (2016-2023)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes".
Denominator: All respondents.
Percentage of women who report that they returned to their previous job or plan to return to their previous job, among women who worked at a job for pay during their pregnancy Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Have you returned to the job you had during your most recent pregnancy?
    Phase 8 (2016-2022)
    No, and I do not plan to return
    No, but I will be returning
    Yes
NYS: 2016-2022

NYS excl. NYC: 2016-2022

NYC: 2016-2022		 Phase 8 (2016-2022)
Numerator: Respondents who checked "No, and I do not plan to return" or "No, but I will be returning".
Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not work a job for pay during their current pregnancy. 		Not available in Phase 9 (2023-).

FAQ

 How to use the interactive report?
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 Why is PRAMS important?
Research has shown that behavior and experiences during pregnancy may influence infant birth weight and adverse health outcomes such as infant development, illnesses, and mortality. The PRAMS survey provides information about pregnancy and the first few months after birth that are not available from other data sources. These data can be used to identify groups of parents and infants at a high risk for health problems, to monitor changes in health status, and to measure progress towards goals for improving the health of parents and infants. When combined with data from birth certificates, these data can be used for planning and assessing perinatal health programs. In addition, because PRAMS uses standardized data collection methods, it allows data to be compared among states.
 Are PRAMS data available at the county level?
No, PRAMS data are not available at county level. PRAMS is a nation-wide survey from CDC. Each participating state samples between 1,300 and 3,400 residents per year. Typically, the annual sample is large enough for producing state level estimates with a reasonable confidence interval at 95% confidence. Sample sizes are not typically large enough to estimate county level risk factors.

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If you have questions about the reports, please contact:

Public Health Information Group at: phiginfo@health.ny.gov

If you would like to request PRAMS data, please contact: NYS.PRAMS@health.ny.gov